Russian Journal of Water Transport

Analysis of theoretical and experimental methods of determining Vibration parameters of ship propulsion systems

Stanislav N. Girin — 2025-03-13

Torsional and bending vibrations of ship shafts, as well as crankshafts of engines are devoted to numerous studies by different authors, moreover, the parameters of torsional vibrations are standardized by Classification Bodies, but it should be recognized that the destruction of ship shafts is quite a frequent phenomenon at present, therefore, the problem remains relevant. A significant contribution to the development of the theory of natural and forced torsional vibrations of shafts was made by Professor V.P. Terskikh. Using his algorithm, a computer program was created, which was widely used in practical calculations in our country. The method of determination of natural frequencies and corresponding vibration forms proposed by V.P. Terskikh is approximate, and the authors are not aware of any works devoted to analyzing the accuracy of the method. For this purpose in the present article a comparative analysis of the results of calculation of torsional natural vibrations of the propulsion system of the hydrofoil vessel “Comet-120M” of the project 23160, obtained according to the method of V.P. Terskikh and with the help of the software complex “ANSYS” is carried out, which showed that for the first five tones there is a good coincidence, but for the higher tones the results are significantly different. Torsional oscillations are not the main cause of ship shafting failure, the influence of normal stresses caused by bending oscillations has a greater effect here. Bending vibrations of ship shafts depend on a number of factors that are difficult to quantitatively theoretically analyze. In this connection, experimental studies of the stress state of the shafting material during its operation as part of a ship propulsion system play an important role. The article presents the results of measurements of the stress state of one of the vessels.

Calculations of vibrations of individual modules of a towed system near their equilibrium positions

Alexander L. Gusev — 2025-03-13

Normal operating conditions of towed systems are determined by the impact of factors that vary over the operating time of the complex. Providing only the physical and mechanical properties of the towed system modules does not generally guarantee successful operation of the complex. This paper considers the development of towed systems and the oscillations associated with their operation during towing. Based on known provisions of theoretical mechanics, oscillation theory and hydromechanics, equations are constructed that describe the oscillations of towed systems. The example shows that the solution of the proposed equations allows one to select the module that experiences the greatest impact from the pitching of the towing vessel and/or horizontal speed of movement in dynamics. The obtained solutions can become the basis for making design changes to the towed system. A method for determining the speed of the ship's winch when immersing the towed system is also proposed. The example shows a rational choice of the speed and time of immersion of the towed system. The results of the conducted research can be useful for developers of towed systems.

Marine design and its application for development of small sized ships

Albert G. Nazarov — 2025-03-13

The paper discusses the features of such a field of activity in ship design as marine design, provides definitions and discusses design objectives. Information about events and education in the field of marine design abroad and in the Russian Federation is provided. Marine design is presented as a solution to the complex problem of creating a marine infrastructure object, taking into account aesthetics, functionality, economics, safety, and manufacturability. The historical roots of the specialty are touched upon. Using the example of a high-speed vessel project, the difference between design and artistic styling is considered. Special attention is paid to the relationship between design and standards, and it is concluded that the professional community needs to participate in the development of rules. Examples of projects and the basics of innovative approaches to ship design are given.

Justification to create a new type of rescue vessel for inland waterways

Egor Yu. Cheban — 2025-03-13

The article discusses the issues of using ships for oil spill response (OSR) operations on inland waterways. The composition of the main equipment required in OSR operations on various sections of waterways has been studied. The basic requirements for vessels involved in OSR operations have been developed. The necessity of increasing the speed of rescue vessels is shown. Based on the results of the analysis of operational and under construction service and rescue vessels for inland waterways, it is concluded that there are no vessels with the necessary characteristics in the fleet and it is necessary to study and substantiate the design and construction of emergency rescue vessels of a new type. It is proposed to combine the functions of rescue and service in one vessel to increase the operational efficiency of these vessels. It is assumed that a catamaran can become a vessel with the necessary characteristics for inland waterways, which allows for a larger deck area to accommodate rescue equipment and a higher speed of movement.

Analysis of efficiency of a blowdown-exhaust system of a two-stroke diesel engine at use of the adjustable nozzle apparatus of a turbocharger

Viacheslav L. Konyukov — 2025-03-13

The paper investigates the defining characteristics of the purge-exhaust path of a marine two-stroke diesel engine for a wide range of changes in external operating conditions and loads of the standard variant and the variant with controlled rotating blades of the turbine nozzle apparatus of the turbocharger turbine. The analysis of flow characteristics showed an increase in air and gas flow rates with a decrease in the effective cross-sectional area of the turbine when the blades are rotated. The efficiency of the purge-exhaust path was assessed by the indicators determining the quality of cylinder cleaning from residual combustion products. The following indicators were taken as such: residual gas ratio, filling ratio, total excess air ratio. For the standard variant, the transition to the weighted screw characteristic leads to a decrease in the residual gas coefficient. In the variant with adjustable nozzle this coefficient increases, which can increase the intensity of deposits of carbon deposits on the inner surfaces of the cylinder-piston group. Weighting of the screw characteristic did not lead to deterioration of the cylinder filling with air charge. The use of adjustable nozzle apparatus allowed to increase the total excess air ratio at the modes of fractional loads, the increase of which with the weighting of the screw characteristic increased.

The complete set of pistons of marine diesel engines with a new o-ring seal during repair

Sergey Y. Kuritsyn — 2025-03-13

The vast majority of high-speed engines are equipped with aluminum alloy pistons, and since these engines occupy a leading position in shipbuilding, the issue of restoring the piston as the most stressed and wear-prone part is relevant today. Aluminum alloy has a large number of positive qualities that determine their use for high-speed engines. These include low weight, which is necessary to reduce inertial loads, high thermal conductivity, due to which the piston does not overheat during normal operation, and a low coefficient of friction. But for all the advantages of an aluminum alloy, it also has disadvantages of low strength, which significantly reduces its service life. According to statistics, one of the reasons for the failure of aluminum pistons is the wear of the piston grooves, especially the first one. As an alternative to replacing the piston, a repair method is proposed, which consists in boring the first piston groove for the installation of two piston rings. To reduce friction, the ring located in the second groove is being redesigned to provide a more stable oil wedge to increase the efficiency of the new O-ring.

Virtual training complex of the ship's main power plant with a helical steering column

Sergey V. Popov — 2025-03-14

The article considers modern training technologies in conditions of limited possibility of using equipment with significant weight, size, energy and cost indicators. The expediency of using a simulator based on VR/AR technologies and simulation modeling in the educational process is confirmed. A virtual training complex for a marine power plant has been developed based on a marine passenger vessel with two propeller-steering systems. The structure and composition of the power generation and distribution system for ship consumers have been developed. The exterior of the vessel, engine room, main diesel generators and other technological equipment were designed. Algorithms for putting into operation the systems that ensure the operation of diesel generators and the algorithm for starting and stopping the prime mover have been implemented. Interactive impact on the controls of ship equipment has been provided. The operation of the devices and the rotation of the shafts of the diesel generator unit are visualized. The element-by-element design of a high-voltage synchronous generator has been modeled and the possibility of testing students has been implemented. The main directions of development of the proposed virtual simulator complex are described. The expediency of using the training complex in the educational process for training qualified personnel is shown.

Development of an experimental installation for modeling a single-circuit marine diesel cooling system

Sawsan Sliman — 2025-03-14

The material presented in this article is intended to solve the problem of using a single-loop cooling system for ship diesel engines installed on coastal vessels in areas of northern seas in our country. The proposed cooling system scheme suggests abandoning the external contour of ballast water, and heat removal from the coolant is carried out convectively into the surrounding air. Located in the location of the refrigerator will also help solve the problem of icing of the structural elements in the bow part of the ship, which will ensure safety during winter operation. An overview of the main technical characteristics of the power plant of the tug boat project 376 has been performed, as well as a consideration of the existing cooling system of this catamaran. Developed a setup that simulates a one-loop cooling system, allowing at an early stage of design to determine the geometric parameters of the tubing-cooler, which is provided as an apparatus for removing heat from the cooling liquid of the ship's diesel engine. Designated components and their functions are outlined, along with the methods used to determine the defining parameters of the developed setup. This installation can be used to simulate a one-loop cooling system of other types of ships, using appropriate parameters of the components of the setup. On the setup under development, it is proposed to conduct research under various conditions of the surrounding environment and using different types of cooling liquids that may differ in physical properties.

Quasi-closed mathematical model of transient modes of a combined diesel engine and its numerical implementation

Denis V. Timoshenko — 2025-03-14

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of combined diesel engines in transient and unsteady modes. At present, the solution to this problem is aimed at improving the gas-turbine supercharging system and is carried out with the wide use of a numerical experiment, which is confirmed by the presented review of studies. The article considers the main provisions and principles of the numerical implementation of the mathematical model of transient modes of a combined diesel engine, which is distinguished by an extended mathematical description of thermo- and gas-dynamic processes in the flow parts of the radial-axial turbine and centrifugal compressor of the supercharging unit, and also takes into account the wave nature of the processes in the exhaust pipeline of the gas-turbine supercharging system. The central features of the proposed model are the calculation of heat release in the cylinder in the zero-dimensional approximation taking into account the incompleteness of fuel combustion at low values of the λ coefficient, the calculation of processes in an unbranched exhaust pipeline in a one-dimensional non-stationary approximation using the method of characteristics and boundary conditions at the turbine, taking into account the variability of its flow and energy characteristics, direct calculation of the turbine and compressor characteristics using the model of the average radius of the meridional section. The features of the numerical implementation of the mathematical model are the use of the «single cylinder» calculation scheme and quasi-closed modeling of the initial steady-state operating mode of the combined diesel engine. The article presents the main results of the verification and validation of the proposed mathematical model.

Test results of a model of a water-jet propulsion of a cargo boat

Egor S. Shishov — 2025-03-14

The article discusses the test results of a self-propelled scale model of the КС-110.2-34 water-jet cargo boat. Purpose: to measure and calculate the main characteristics of the model of a water-jet propulsion system installed on a ship for their subsequent comparison with the characteristics of other newly developed water-jet propulsion systems. Results: a large-scale model of the propulsion system was designed and manufactured, consisting of models of a boat hull and a water-jet propulsion system of the original design, installed measuring equipment and a reading recording unit.

A test program and a methodology for processing measurement results are proposed and their reliability is verified. It was found that the test results obtained in open water have low repeatability due to their high dependence on hydro and meteorological conditions, and incorrect placement of pressure sensors in the flowing part of the water cannon reduces the accuracy of the measurements performed.

In order to obtain more reliable and stable results, it is concluded that it is necessary to increase the scale of the model and its speed. Further directions of work on improving the instrument and measuring complex have been determined.

Application of structural modeling to assess the type of public transport development in cities and urban agglomerations

Tatiana M. Gainochenko — 2025-03-14

The article is devoted to identifying the type of development of public transport in the economic space of cities and urban agglomerations. Based on the construction of a model of the structural dynamics of the cumulative socio-economic process of providing a city or urban agglomeration with public transport, an understanding is being formed about the degree of synchronization of public transport management and the subjects of its micro and macro environment. The effectiveness of using the potential of public transport was assessed for the period from 2013 to 2022 using the example of Nizhny Novgorod public transport. The constructed models make it possible to quantify and qualitatively measure the effectiveness of public transport management and show the level of objective complexity of harmonizing the collective efforts of key stakeholders in managing complex socio-economic systems, which are public transport systems in cities and urban agglomerations.

The results obtained are of scientific and practical interest, since, firstly, they can serve as an objective basis for assessing the coherence of the actions of key stakeholders both in goal-setting processes and in planning, monitoring, analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness of their interaction in the economic space of cities and urban agglomerations. Secondly, the methodology of structural modeling applied to the assessment of the typology of public transport development in the transport systems of cities and urban agglomerations can be the basis for assessing the direction of development of the subprocesses occurring in them and correlating their contribution to the achievement of the UN global goals in the field of sustainable development.

Problems of labor intensity management considering water transport workers

Renata I. Karavashkina — 2025-03-14

Due to the growing usage of information technology, complication of all production processes and digital economy model development, an urgent issue is the improvement of labor organization and considering methods for determining such an important socio-economic phenomenon as labor intensity. Excessive labor intensity reduction and insufficient labor intensity increase considering individual workplaces and the entire production units or even industries are important. Labor intensity management is associated not only with labor workforce measurement or assessment. The main theoretical and practical task is the strategy development to ensure optimal labor intensity, considering basic economic, organizational, psychophysiological and social factors. New technologies’ introduction is focused on, including digital economy model development, leading to qualitative changes in working conditions, labor intensity degree, flexible working schedules usage, working day reduction and new employment forms emergence.

The role of ERP-systems in optimizing warehouse logistics in Kazakhstan

Zhandos K Kegenbekov — 2025-03-14

The research on exploring opportunities for improving warehouse logistics in Kazakhstan through the implementation of ERP-systems and collaborative supply chain models. The primary emphasis is placed on analyzing the role of modern information systems in optimizing inventory management processes and enhancing collaboration among supply chain participants. Using an integrated mixed-methods approach, the research conducts a comparative analysis and applies game theory to evaluate the effectiveness of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in logistics optimization. The study is based on a review of existing literature and a case study of Toyota’s production system to identify strategies for enhancing operational efficiency, reducing costs, and optimizing warehouse logistics. The research highlights the critical role of ERP-systems in supporting collaboration within supply chains. An analysis of Toyota’s ERP-system implementation demonstrates significant improvements in warehouse logistics efficiency. By leveraging theoretical foundations and practical examples, the study showcases key advantages of ERP-systems, such as 1C:ERP, SAP, and Oracle, and their adaptation to the specific needs of Kazakhstan’s logistics sector. The work provides recommendations for implementing integrated solutions and long-term strategies for companies aiming to enhance their competitiveness. The scientific and innovative contribution of this research lies in the study of ERP-system implementation and strategic recommendations for optimizing warehouse logistics in Kazakhstan and integrating it into the global supply chain.

Prospects for the development of high-speed passenger transportation within the framework of scaling up the River Highways project

Dmitry A. Korshunov — 2025-03-14

This study is related to the need to rethink transport systems in the context of modern infrastructure development and increased passenger flows. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase interest in rapid river passenger transportation, which is a consequence of both social factors and economic conditions. The methods analyze the features of the first stage of the project for the development of rapid river passenger transportation and provide organizational recommendations and propose measures for the further development and scaling of this project to other regions of Russia, as well as increasing the attractiveness of inland waterways as an alternative mode of transport. The methods analyze the implemented stage of the River Highways project and propose further stages and activities for further development and scaling of this project to other regions of Russia, as well as propose related topics of scientific, methodological and practical research. As a result of this study, the authors have developed an approach to the organizational and economic model for the development of existing interregional high-speed routes along inland waterways and further scaling of positive practices to other riverine regions of the country. The discussion concerns promising scientific topics on the justification of effective routes for riverine regions joining the project. As a conclusion, the authors of the article provide recommendations on key scientific aspects and parameters of the river high-speed passenger transportation system that contribute to their sustainable development.

Ensuring sustainable development of shipbuilding enterprises based on intelligent control systems

Svetlana Ye. Shchepetova — 2025-03-14

The modern extremely dynamic business environment sets shipbuilding enterprises the task of forming a mechanism for their sustainable development using intelligent control systems. The article analyzes the current economic problems of shipbuilding in Russia and the ways to solve them based on a systematic approach and tools of digitalization, automation and intellectualization. It is proposed to expand the functionality of intelligent management systems to coordinate changes at all levels of management. System helps to form timely and reasonable management and organizational actions through the analysis of processes and classification of deviations from the plan in accordance with the concepts of activity based costing - activity based budgeting - activity based management (ABC-ABB-ABM) and the Shewhart-Deming statistical management, which will classify shipbuilding enterprises according to the degree of sustainable development based on the balanced scorecard, assessing the sustainability of their condition, functioning and development.

Analysis of factors affecting the safety of navigation

Valeriya S. Voropaeva — 2025-03-14

The article presents a study of the factors affecting the safety of navigation on sea and inland waterways. It is noted that the accident rate of ships in conditions of heavy traffic has increased rapidly and, often, human errors are the main cause of incidents. Based on the study of international and national regulatory documents, as well as scientific approaches of domestic and foreign scientists, the systematization of the main groups of factors has been carried out, divided into internal and external, which proves that it allows comprehensive consideration of issues of ensuring the safety of navigation. It is emphasized that the scientific literature considers a wide range of components that determine the reliable movement of ships, such as: natural and climatic conditions, environmental conditions, regulatory and legal regulation, technical condition of ships, operating conditions of ships and others. At the same time, most scientists single out the human factor as a key aspect ensuring the stability of the vessel's operation. Developing this approach, the article presents a detailed hierarchy of the influence of the human factor on the safety of navigation developed by the author, which highlights the components of direct and indirect impact, grouped by categories: professional and physical condition of ship crews, compliance with working conditions, nutrition and medical care, technical aspects, regulatory support: international and national documents, organizational provision, technical support, infrastructure support, information support and social and labor support. The results of the study demonstrate their importance and the need to integrate them into corporate management processes, which will allow a comprehensive approach to the development of measures to improve the safety of navigation and minimize risks.

Investigation of changes in the parameters of ship demolition in the alignment of the bridge crossing

Ekaterina M. Kuprina — 2025-03-14

This article presents a study of the possibility of improving safety on inland waterways and reducing accidents of the "ship – bridge" type. Due to the complexity of the wiring of ships in the alignment of the bridge crossing, it is necessary to identify the causes of the bulk of ships on the bridge supports, for which an analysis of the flow behavior and possible demolition of the vessel when passing in the area of bridge supports is performed. Three calculation areas have been identified: I - on the approach to the bridge; II - in the alignment of the bridge crossing; III – behind the bridge. According to the results of the study, formulas were obtained that allow determining the angle of demolition of the vessel depending on its location relative to the bridge crossing. For zone II, it is proposed to introduce a new lateral drift coefficient Kc, which will take into account the effect of longitudinal and circulating currents formed in the narrowing area of the channel at the bridge supports and leading to the bulk of the vessel on them. The proposed Kc coefficient was obtained analytically and statistically by calculating it through various changing parameters depending on a number of factors. Channel characteristics (slope of the free water surface I and roughness of the channel n) and geometric characteristics of bridge supports (width of the support B) are assumed to be changing factors. Factor variation allows us to obtain dependences of the priority influence of parameters on the resulting Kc.

One approach to determining the efficiency of using hydrofoil vessels

Juri I. Platov — 2025-03-14

The article is aimed at facilitating the solution of one of the actively discussed problems – the revival and development of high-speed passenger transportation by hydrofoil vessels (HV), which will undoubtedly lead to an increase in the prestige of government agencies among the population. In modern conditions, this problem can be solved only through government support in the form of subsidizing operating and capital costs and preferential leasing. This requires methods for determining operating costs and assessing the economic efficiency of river HVs during operational justifications at the stages of pre-project selection and design of new vessels, selection of their operating areas. Currently, such generally recognized or approved methods for river HPVs are absent. The use of only known technical indicators when selecting an HV is insufficient. In the article, based on the analysis of existing methods for determining the efficiency of high-speed vessels in sea transport, a criterion is proposed that takes into account both current methodological recommendations and modern economic conditions, and is entirely based on the principles of Lurye A.L. At the same time, to increase reliability and authenticity, technical (physical) and cost indicators must be used in combination during justifications and especially in the early stages of design research.

Investigation of the impact of the construction of a bridge crossing over the river. Oka (Nizhny Novgorod) on the upstream waterways using mathematical modeling of the riverbed flow

Maksim A. Reshetnikov — 2025-03-14

For the projected bridge crossing over the river. An assessment of the impact of its construction on the reliability of operation of upstream aqueducts in the riverbed was carried out in Nizhny Novgorod. These conduits are subject to erosion and to assess the impact of the bridge supports being erected on the condition of the conduits, three-dimensional mathematical modeling of the river flow in the studied river area was performed. The simulation is based on a system of Navier-Stokes equations. The k-e turbulence model is used to describe turbulent phenomena. The three-dimensional geometry of the area under study includes the riverbed, bridge supports, and culverts. The performed mathematical modeling of the section of the river The Oka in the area of the aqueducts in two states – in natural (before the construction of the bridge) and operational (after the bridge was put into operation) at low inter-soil levels allowed us to conclude that there was practically no effect of the bridge supports on further erosion of the bottom in the area of the aqueducts. Also, dredging, which is necessary to maintain navigation on an additional ship's course in the sleeve, does not affect the erosion of the bottom under the pipes of the aqueducts. The results of the work are intended for use in the design and construction of the facility.

Analysis of the state of the system for ensuring the safety of navigation on inland water transport by the state port control

Andrey A. Fomin — 2025-03-14

The article is devoted to the analysis of the regulatory framework for the safety of navigation on inland water transport. The author analyzes the documents that regulate the work of the state port control - this is the "Code of Inland Water Transport of the Russian Federation" and orders of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (2012-2020). Attention is drawn to the imperfection of modern legislation. This negatively affects the efficiency of the state port control inspector. It is noted that there are no laws for monitoring objects built before February 2012; there are no specific requirements for the technical condition and operation of water transport, fire safety requirements; specific and high-quality assessment of violations. All of the above does not allow for a high-quality inspection of a significant number of water transport facilities. After analyzing the regulatory framework, the author of the article made conclusions. They are relevant and applicable to the system of ensuring the safety of navigation on inland water transport.