Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of logistics schemes for the delivery of project cargo using water transport
Abstract
The necessity for an objective assessment of the efficiency of logistics schemes for project cargo delivery has become increasingly evident. The growing complexity of transport processes is accompanied by rising risks, environmental constraints, and higher sustainability requirements. Traditional approaches, which mainly focus on time and cost parameters, are insufficient, as they fail to encompass the full range of factors determining the effectiveness of such operations. Consequently, the development of a methodological framework capable of integrating economic, technological, and qualitative parameters into a unified evaluation system becomes a relevant task. The proposed methodology is based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and combines the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods. This combination makes it possible to structure expert judgments, normalize heterogeneous data, and calculate an integrated efficiency index that reflects the overall performance of a logistics scheme. The study identifies five key groups of criteria: economic (TCO, TCE), temporal (duration and timeliness), risk-related (probability of delays and failures), infrastructural (compliance of routes and technical conditions), and environmental (level of environmental impact). The integration of quantitative and qualitative characteristics ensures the comparability of various delivery alternatives. Economic and temporal parameters contribute the most to the overall assessment, which is typical for project logistics, whereas environmental and risk factors demonstrate a compensatory effect, smoothing fluctuations in total efficiency. The practical significance of the methodology lies in its ability to establish a transparent mechanism for selecting optimal delivery schemes and to serve as a decision-support tool for management. Incorporating the developed model into digital supply chain management systems enables automation of evaluation procedures, enhancing the reliability and predictability of transport operations. Thus, the proposed approach provides a foundation for systematic management of project logistics, contributing to cost reduction, risk minimization, and the sustainable development of logistics infrastructure.
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