Environmental threats to lakes in the Zelenodolsk district of the Tatarstan republic

Abstract

This article presents the results of an inventory of lakes in the Zelenodolsk District of the Republic of Tatarstan and an assessment of ecological threats associated with anthropogenic transformation of their catchment areas. Based on the analysis of satellite imagery from 2014–2024, and field surveys, a significant reduction in the lake fund was identified, with 57 water bodies disappearing over the past decade. Morphometric and ecological characteristics of selected lakes located in planned development zones were analyzed, and projected changes in catchment land use structure were evaluated. The results indicate that an increase in built-up areas will lead to disruption of hydrological regimes, deterioration of water quality, intensified eutrophication, and loss of biodiversity, potentially resulting in the disappearance of individual lakes. Small lakes with heavily urbanized catchments are shown to be particularly vulnerable. The study substantiates the need for preventive and restoration measures, including restrictions on development within protected water zones, to preserve lake ecosystems and the natural value of the territory.